| Wireline Segment . Our wireline
segment operated a fleet of 59 cased-hole wireline trucks, 15 offshore
wireline skids and 4 plug and abandonment ("P&A")
packages as of June 30, 2006. All of our wireline trucks
and offshore skids are equipped with top-of-the-line computer systems.
We primarily provide services in cased-hole environments. Cased-hole
wireline services are performed during and after the completion
of the well, and from time to time thereafter during the life of
the well. Wireline services are performed using a wire cable that
is lowered from a truck or skid into a well with various types
of tools and instruments attached to the end of the cable. Once
in the well, the instruments can transmit data back to a computer
system in the truck or skid for analysis. Specific wireline services
include: logging services such as cement bond evaluation, production
logging and other measurements; pipe recovery services; and perforating
and mechanical services such as setting plugs and packers. We believe
we are a leading provider of pipe recovery services in the U.S.
, which requires significant experience, expertise and specialized
equipment. Other services in the wireline segment include P&A
services, which are used at the end of a well's productive life,
and tubing conveyed perforating ("TCP"), which is a method
of perforating the casing in order to open the flow path in a well
for hydrocarbons.
Cased Hole Wireline Unit
Open-hole wireline services are performed
after the drilling of the well but prior to its completion. We
do not perform traditional open-hole logging services because
of the advanced technology and research and development requirements.
Cased-hole wireline services are performed during and after the
completion of the well, as well as from time to time thereafter
during the life of the well. Our services primarily relate to
providing cased-hole wireline services. With our fleet of wireline
and P&A equipment we provide the
following services:
Logging Services. The truck
or skid-mounted wireline logging services are used to evaluate
downhole well conditions such as production patterns, the cement
bonding effectiveness between the casing and the formation and
formation characteristics such as lithology and porosity. These
logging services are provided at various stages of the process
of drilling and completing natural gas and oil wells as well
as at various times thereafter until the well is depleted, plugged
and abandoned. Such services are provided using a wireline unit
equipped with an armored cable that is lowered by winch into
an existing well. The cable lowers instruments and tools into
the well to perform a variety of services and tests. The wireline
unit's instrument cab contains electronic equipment to supply
power to the downhole instruments, to receive and record data
from those instruments in order to produce the "logs" which
define specific characteristics of each formation and to display
the data received from downhole. Each of our wireline units is
equipped with a top-of-the-line computer system.
Pipe Recovery Services. Experienced
pipe recovery specialists use specialized "free-point" wireline tools to find the
point at which the tubing or drill pipe is stuck in a well. Once
the "free-point" (the lowest point in the well where
the pipe is still free to move) is located, then the pipe recovery
specialist uses his judgment and experience to determine how best
to free the pipe. Generally the pipe will be "backed off" (un-screwed)
at the joint just above the free-point or the pipe may be cut with
explosives, chemical or mechanical cutters just above the free
point. Once the pipe is cut it can be removed from the well, allowing
the rig crew to go back to "fish" the remaining portion
of the tubing or drillpipe with grapples, jars and other specially
made tools.
Perforating Services. Perforating
involves positioning a perforation "gun" that contains explosive jet charges
down the wellbore next to a productive zone. A detonator is fired
and primer cord is ignited, which then detonates the jet charges.
The resulting explosion creates holes through the casing and cement
and into the formation, thus allowing the formation fluid to flow
into the wellbore and be produced to the surface. We primarily
deploy our perforation gun by a conventional wireline cable, if
appropriate, or using conventional tubing or drill pipe, which
is called tubing conveyed perforating or "TCP".
Mechanical Services. Cased-hole wireline equipment is
often used to set plugs, packers, dump cement and make other physical
changes to a well bore. The mechanical tools (such as plug setting
tools) are usually combined with a logging tool to ensure proper
placement of the plug or packer in the well. Mechanical services
are often provided along with logging or perforating services on
the same trip to the well site and are an integral part of the
drilling and completion process.
Plugging and Abandonment. Cased-hole
wireline equipment, pumping equipment and hydraulic jacks are
used in the process of permanently closing natural gas and oil
wells no longer capable of producing in economic quantities at
the end of their productive life. A typical P&A job will include cutting the tubing and/or
casing with wireline explosives or other cutters, removing the
salvageable tubing with hydraulic jacks and then setting plugs
and cementing the well bore. The P&A process generally takes
several days to complete. Plugging and abandonment work can provide
favorable operating margins and is less sensitive to natural gas
and oil pricing than drilling and workover activity since well
operators must plug a well in accordance with state or federal
regulations when it is no longer productive. |